DISTANCE-based clustering methods categorize samples by optimizing a global criterion, finding ellipsoid clusters with roughly equal sizes. In contrast, density-based clustering techniques form clusters with arbitrary shapes and sizes by optimizing a local criterion. Most of these methods have several hyper-parameters, and their performance is highly dependent on the hyper-parameter setup. Recently, a Gaussian Density DISTANCE (GDD) approach was proposed to optimize local criteria in terms of DISTANCE and density properties of samples. GDD can find clusters with different shapes and sizes without any free parameters. However, it may fail to discover the appropriate clusters due to the interfering of clustered samples in estimating the density and DISTANCE properties of remaining unclustered samples. Here, we introduce Adaptive GDD (AGDD), which eliminates the inappropriate effect of clustered samples by adaptively updating the parameters during clustering. It is stable and can identify clusters with various shapes, sizes, and densities without adding extra parameters. The DISTANCE metrics calculating the dissimilarity between samples can affect the clustering performance. The effect of different DISTANCE measurements is also analyzed on the method. The experimental results conducted on several well-known datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed AGDD method compared to the other well-known clustering methods.

The travelling salesman problem is one of the well-known NP-hard problems, and there are various versions of the problem with respect to its different specifications of the constraints and assumptions. Especially, the symmetric travelling salesman problem has been considered in numerous routing models. The critical NODE detection problem has received increasing attention throughout the routing models. The critical NODE has the most important role in the routing problems, and if it is out of service then the optimal solution will be hit by a large undesirable cost. The critical NODE is defined as the NODE whose deletion from the network results in the largest decrease in the optimal cost. It is proved the critical NODE of the network is the critical NODE for the optimal tour, too. Thus, the critical NODE is considered to obtain a good approximate solution in a reasonable iteration. The 2-opt heuristic is applied by the critical NODE in the symmetric traveling salesman problem and the iterations are reduced significantly. Then, the pseudo-critical NODE is defined and detected in the approximate solution, whose removal results in the largest decrease of the approximate cost. So, the 2-opt heuristic is applied by the pseudo-critical NODE and the optimal or a nearby optimal solution is obtained.

Background & Aim: There are several methods for determination of occlusal vertical dimension. The vertical dimension of rest position, interocclusal DISTANCE and closest speaking space are two important methods. The purpose of this study was comparison the variability of interocclusal DISTANCE and closest speaking space in denture wearers.Method &Materials: The subjects were 34 edentulous patients (18 males & 16 females with mean age of 56) who had received complete dentures in the prosthodontics department of Isfahan dental school. They had good residual ridges. The dentures had correct clinical vertical dimension with 1-2mm overjet and 0.5 -1mm overbite. There was no evidence of neuromuscular and TMJ problems. The TOM guage was used for measuring the vertical dimension of rest position and «S» position.Results: The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of interocclusal DISTANCE were smaller than closest speaking space. Paired T-test and Levene's test were used for statistical analysis. There was a statistically difference between interocclusal DISTANCE and closest speaking space, so the interocclusal DISTANCE was less variable than closest speaking space (P<0.05).Conclusion: The closest speaking space during S position is affected by the occlusion, vertical and horizontal overlap of anterior teeth. These factors are up to dentist's judgement in complete denture and can influence the variability of vertical dimension of S position. Because of this variability it is recommended to use several methods for determining of vertical dimension.

Background: The importance of dose in prostate radiotherapy is well known, and the dosimetric effects of radiotherapy in NODE-positive or NODE-negative patients with prostate cancer have become an important issue. Materials and Methods: Helical tomotherapy (TH) plans of 19 pelvic NODE-positive [THpn(+) plan] or NODE-negative [THpn(-) plan] patients with prostate cancer were retrospectively created in our clinic. In these plans, the beam angle was set to cover the planning target volume (PTV) of prostate cancer and minimize the dose to the organs at risk, including the bladder, rectum, femoral head, and bowel. Results: There were no differences in the conformity index, Dmax, Dmean, and homogeneity index of PTV between the THpn (+) and THpn (-) plans (p>0. 05). However, V95 in the THpn (+) plan was lower than that in the THpn (-) plan (p=0. 017). Moreover, Dmax, V75, V70, V65, V60, V50, V40, V30, and V20 for the rectum were not significantly different between the two plans (p>0. 05), whereas Dmean was significantly different (p=0. 025). Dmax, V70, V65, and V60 for the bladder were not significantly different between the two plans (p>0. 05), whereas V55, V50, V40, and V30 were significantly different (p<0. 05). Finally, Dmax and V50 for the femoral head and bowel were significantly different between the two plans (p<0. 05). Conclusion: The THpn (+)] and [THpn(-) plans achieved acceptable target dose coverage in prostate radiotherapy.

In order to solve some security issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), NODE to NODE authentication method based on digital watermarking technique for verification of relative NODEs is proposed. In the proposed method, some algorithms with low computational for generation, embedding and detection of security ID are designed. The collected data packets by the NODEs are marked using security ID. In the proposed method, header is used to mark the packets. Since the nature of the sensor networks is cooperative, using the head of the packets is proposed for authentication. Also using the marked head can prevent from sending and receiving fake data in the other NODEs. Simulations have been performed in environments with imposing unrealistic data and having a probability from 1% to 10%. Comparing the proposed method with other methods shows that the proposed method in term of security, reducing traffic and increasing network lifetime is more effective.

One of the main sources for attaining religious teachings is the tradition of Prophet Mohammad and the Infallible Imams, without which it is not possible to attain Islam’s religious teachings. Furthermore, considering the comprehensiveness of Islam in the guidance of human beings, the inference of religious teachings related to human sciences is an inevitable necessity, which has become the concern of researchers titled "Islamization of human sciences". Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article studies the role of the tradition of Prophet Mohammad and the Infallible Imams in the Islamization of human sciences, with an emphasis on the thoughts of the great Islamic scholar, Allameh Misbah Yazdi. Although all Muslims believe Islamic tradition is a source for obtaining religious teachings, but the reasons they present for its authenticity and the scope of this tradition are seriously debatable; in addition, methodologically, documenting the Islamization of human sciences by Islamic tradition has its own difficulties, pointed in this article.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is increasingly used to treat patients with breast cancer, but the reliability of sentinel lymph NODE biopsy (SLNB) following chemotherapy is in doubt. In this meta‑ analysis, we aimed to evaluate studies that examine the results of SLNB after NAC to assess identification rate (IR) and false‑ negative rate (FNR). Materials and Methods: Systemic searches were performed in the PubMed, ISI Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from January 1, 2000, to November 30, 2016, for studies of SLNB after NAC for breast cancer and followed by axillary lymph NODE (LN) dissection in two subgroups: initially NODE negative and NODE positive converted to NODE negative. Two reviewers independently review quality of included studies. A random‑ effects model was used to pool IR and FNR with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and heterogeneity among studies was assessed by I2 and Q‑ test. Results: A total of 23 studies with 1521 patients in the initially NODE‑ negative subgroup and 13 studies with 1088 patients in the NODE‑ positive converted to NODE‑ negative subgroup, were included in this meta-analysis with IR and FNR of 94% (95% CI: 92– 96) and 7% (95% CI: 5– 9) in the initially NODE‑ negative subgroup and 89% (95% CI: 85– 94) and 13% (95% CI: 7– 18) in the NODE‑ positive converted to NODE‑ negative subgroup, respectively. Conclusion: Our meta‑ analysis showed acceptable IR and FNR in initially NODE‑ negative group and it seems feasible in these patients, but these parameters did not reach to predefined value in NODE‑ positive converted to NODE‑ negative group, and thus, it is not recommended in these patients.